Clade I MPXV, a virus related to smallpox, has recently expanded its geographic range beyond Central Africa, with confirmed cases now emerging in multiple countries within the African continent. This strain is notably more severe than its Clade II counterpart and is classified as a high consequence infectious disease (HCID).
Clinicians should read the UKHSA guidance in full and be alert to the possibility of Clade I MPXV infection in patients:
- Awareness and differential diagnosis: Consider Clade I MPXV infection in any patient presenting with symptoms consistent with the operational case definition. This includes fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, and characteristic rash development
- Clinical pathways and isolation: Establish clear protocols for isolating suspected cases, including coordination with local infection prevention and control teams. Immediate consultation with infectious disease specialists is recommended for suspected cases
- Sample handling and reporting: All samples from individuals testing positive for mpox must be promptly sent to the UKHSA Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory (RIPL) for clade differentiation testing
- Continued vigilance: Maintain updated knowledge of affected areas and evolving guidance through UKHSA resources to enhance diagnostic accuracy and management
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Ensure adequate stocks of appropriate PPE are available and that staff are trained in its correct use for assessing and treating patients suspected of Clade I MPXV infection.
You should keep up to date, remain vigilant, and implement measures to effectively mitigate the risk of transmission and ensure timely and appropriate care for suspected Clade I MPXV cases. We will keep you updated with any further developments.